LibGuides: Indigenous Law / Indigenous Legal Traditions: Pre-Confederation, Numbered, and Modern Treaties (Canada)

About

Canadian treaties are agreements between the Crown and Indigenous Peoples. These treaties can be divided into three groups:

Pre-Confederation/Historic - including the Royal Proclamation of 1763, treaties such as the 1850 Robinson treaties, and the Vancouver Island Treaties (Douglas Treaties) (1850-1854),
Numbered - consists of treaties numbers 1 to 11 signed between 1871 and 1921, covering all of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, parts of Ontario, British Columbia and the Yukon.
Modern - consists of Land Claims agreements negotiated according to the Federal Government Comprehensive Land Claims Policy established in 1973. In British Columbia, since 1992, the British Columbia Treaty Commission oversees treaty negotiations, which with a few exceptions, had not previously been negotiated.

Below is an overall summary of treaties in Canada. See UBC's Aboriginal Treaty Libguide for a more detailed and in-depth look at treaties.

Indigenous Treaties Libguide (UBC)

General Information on Treaties

The Treaty Map: Indigenous Perspectives on Treaties in Canada
Covering every Canadian treaty from 1763 to the present, The Treaty Map aims to challenge the commonly held view of treaties as land surrenders and offers a comprehensive, interactive learning and teaching tool, grounded in Indigenous perspectives of treaties.
Maps of treaty making in Canada
British Columbia Treaty Negotiations Map
A map of Treaty negotiations accepted by the BC Treaty Commission as of November 2017.
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada -A History of Treaty-Making in Canada
History of treaty-making in Canada from the 1700s to the present day. In addition, discover historical material including transcripts of original treaty texts, archival images of treaty signing ceremonies and other resources including selected bibliographies that foster Aboriginal awareness.
Indigenous and Northern Affairs - Treaty Texts
Transcripts of the treaties dating from the mid 1700's to the early 1900's.
Indigenous and Northern Affairs - Treaty Research Reports
Historical interpretations of treaties the Crown has signed with Aboriginal peoples since the 18th century.
Library and Archives Canada - Treaties, Surrenders and Agreements
Library and Archives Canada (LAC) holds an extensive, but not a complete, collection of historic Canadian Indian treaties, land surrenders, and related agreements.
Library and Archives Canada - Treaties, Surrenders and Agreements-Essay on the status and locations of original treaty documents in Canada.
By John Leslie, with contributions by Doug Whyte and Patricia Kennedy