There are many citation styles and the library has many citation style guides both online and in print.
NOTE: Use et al. when three or more names are given.
References in text:
References need not be cited in the text. When they are, they appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation. Grammatically, they may be treated as if they were footnote numbers, e.g., as shown by Brown [4], [5]; as mentioned earlier [2], [4]–[7], [9]; Smith [4] and Brown and Jones [5]; Wood et al. [7]
or as nouns:
as demonstrated in [3]; according to [4] and [6]–[9].
References Within a Reference:
Check the reference list for ibid. or op. cit. These refer to a previous reference and should be eliminated from the reference section. In text, repeat the earlier reference number and renumber the reference section accordingly. If the ibid. gives a new page number, or other information, use the following forms:
[3, Th. 1]; [3, Lemma 2]; [3, pp. 5-10]; [3, eq. (2)]; [3, Fig. 1]; [3, Appendix I]; [3, Sec. 4.5]; [3, Ch. 2, pp. 5-10];
[3, Algorithm 5].
NOTE: Editing of references may entail careful renumbering of references, as well as the citations in text.
Basic Format:
[#] A. Author, Title: Subtitle (in italics), Edition(if not the first), Vol.(if a multivolume work). Place of publication: Publisher, Year, page number(s) (if appropriate).
NOTE: Use et al. when six or more names are given in the reference list.
Some examples from the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (Online):
Books Online (Ebooks):
Books, Monographs (Online)Basic Format:
J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, State, Country:Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx. [Online]. Available: http://www.web.com
Examples:
Basic Format:
[#] A. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.
NOTE: Use et al. when six or more names are given in the reference list.
Some Examples from the IEEE Editorial Style Manual (Online):
[1] R. E. Kalman, “New results in linear filtering and prediction theory,” J. Basic Eng., ser. D, vol. 83, pp. 95-108, Mar. 1961.
[2] Ye. V. Lavrova, “Geographic distribution of ionospheric disturbances in the F2 layer,” Tr. IZMIRAN, vol. 19, no.29, pp. 31–43, 1961 (Transl.: E. R. Hope, Directorate of Scientific Information Services, Defence Research Board of Canada, Rep. T384R, Apr. 1963).
[3] E. P. Wigner, “On a modification of the Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory,” (in German), Math. Naturwiss. Anz. Ungar. Akad. Wiss., vol. 53, p. 475, 1935.
[4] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., to be published.***Always use this style when the paper has been accepted or scheduled for a future publication, i.e. do not use "to appear in."***
[5] C. K. Kim, “Effect of gamma rays on plasma,” submitted for publication.***Always use this style when the paper has not yet been accepted or scheduled for a future publication, i.e. do not use "to appear in."***
[6] W. Rafferty, “Ground antennas in NASA’s deep space telecommunications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 636-640, May 1994.
For Conference proceedings online:
NOTE: Use et al. when six or more names are given in the reference list.
[#] A. Editor and B. Editor, Eds., Title of Conf.: Subtitle of conference, Month Date, Year, Location (optional). Place of publication: Name of Publisher, Year. Available: Database Name (if appropriate), internet address. [Accessed: date of access].
Basic Format:
[#] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State), year, pp. xxx-xxx.***Location of conference is optional***
For an electronic conference article when there are no page numbers:
[#] J. K. Author [two authors: J. K. Author and A. N. Writer ] [three or more authors: J. K. Author et al.],
“Title of Article,” in [Title of Conf. Record as], [copyright year] © [IEEE or applicable copyright holder of the Conference Record]. doi: [DOI number]
For an unpublished paper presented at a conference:
[#] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” presented at the abbrev. Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State, year.
Reports in Print:
NOTE: Use et al. when six or more names are given in the reference list.
Basic Format:
J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, Rep. xxx, year.
Examples:
Online Reports:
Standard format for citing online interviews, radio programs, you tube videos, however, the citation may vary depending on the format of the recording:
NOTE: Use et al. when six or more names are given in the reference list.
[#] A. A. Artist , Credit, and B. B. Artist, Credit, "Title of episode," Title of Programme: Subtitle, Date of recording, Year. Place of recording: Publisher. [Format]. Available: Internet address. [Accessed: Month Day, Year].
For a podcast:
[1] W. Rebecca, Speaker, Earth and it's crust, 2017 David Suzuki Lecture Series. Victoria (BC): University of Victoria; 2017. [Podcast]. Available: https://dspace.uvic.ca/earthanditscrustpodcast. [Accessed Sept. 6, 2018].
W. Chen, Speaker, Applied Mechanics Audio Interview, AMR Audio Interviews, August 24, 2018. Applied Mechanics Reviews. [Podcasts]. http://appliedmechanicsreviews.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/podcasts.aspx. [Accessed October 1, 2018].
For Interviews or other sources of communication that are unpublished:
Interviews and personal communications (conversations, emails, letters, etc.) generally are cited in footnotes are excluded from Bibliography.
Footnotes format:
Interviewee/Email Sender First Name/Initial Surname, interview with/email to First Name Surname, Date of Interview.
Example:
Video Recordings standard format:
NOTE: Use et al. when six or more names are given in the reference list.
FirstInitial. LastName OR Screen name. "Title of video," YouTube, Date uploaded, Year. [Video file]. Available: URL. [Accessed: Month Day, Year].
Example:
University of Washington. "Explore UW Engineering - Mechanical Engineering," YouTube, Aug. 10, 2015 [Video file]. Available: https://youtu.be/eUvkwxbMWdE. [Accessed: Sept. 28, 2018].
Standards - Basic Format:
Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.
Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
Examples:
Standard Online - Basic Format:
Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date. [Online]. Available: https://www.url.com
Title of Standard, Standard number, date. [Online]. Available: https://www.url.com
Example:
Patent Retain or request the day of the month when referencing a patent. NOTE: Use “issued date” if several dates are given.
Basic Format:
J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.
J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” Country Patent xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.
Examples:
Patent Online Basic Format:
Name of the invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). Patent Number [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file
Examples:
The Library currently offers frequent workshops on Zotero, an open-source system for Citation management.
How do you choose the best citation management software? There are many factors to consider, such as:
We've put together a comparison chart below to help you identify the different features available and figure out the best option for you.
| Zotero | Mendeley |
Endnote Basic |
Endnote Desktop |
Microsoft |
|
| Cost | Free | Free | Free | $165 at UVic Bookstore | Reference manager included with Word |
| License | Open Source | Closed Source | Closed Source | Closed Source | Closed Source |
|
Where do I get it? |
zotero.org | mendeley.com | Endnote Website | UVic Bookstore | Free at Office 365 for Students |
| How much free online storage does it come with? | 300MB (can purchase more). If you have personal cloud storage, you can also sync Zotero to your personal account. | 2GB (can purchase more) | 2GB for files (up to 50,000 references) | Unlimited | n/a |
| Desktop or browser based? | Desktop & web application for syncing | Desktop & web application for syncing | Browser only | Desktop with web application for syncing | Desktop |
|
Can it capture citations from web? |
Yes | Yes | Through a bookmarklet or 9 predefined databases | Through a bookmarklet or 6000 predefined databases | No |
| What word processing programs does it work with | Natively: Microsoft Word, LibreOffice, Google Docs; can use RTF scan for other programs like RStudio and LaTeX | Microsoft Word using "Mendeley Cite" | Microsoft Word using "Cite While You Write" | Microsoft Word using "Cite While You Write" | Word |
| Can I use it on my mobile device? | Yes, limited use through a web interface | Yes, iOS, Android & web interface | Yes, iOS & web interface | iOS app with Endnote Online Account | No |
| Can I collaborate with others? | Yes, through private or public group libraries on cloud. | Yes, through private or public group libraries on cloud. | Yes, you can share group library | Yes, you can share groups library or share entire library with up to 100 people who are using Endnote X9, X8, X7 | No |
| Can I share PDFs and other notes? | Yes, through private groups | Yes, through private groups | No, only citations | Only with other people running the paid desktop versions of X7, X8, or X9 (100 person limit) | No |
| Does it store PDFs? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Does it extract and store annotations? | Yes, using the Zotfile Plugin | ||||
| Does it have open source plugins for added functionality? | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| How many citation styles are supported? | Unlimited (through community repository & you can build your own styles) | Unlimited (through citation style repository) | Top 21 styles | More than 7,000 & user can add more. | 12 (but you can customize XML file for more) |
| Where is my data stored? | Desktop; Cloud (if you sync) | Desktop; Cloud (if you sync) | Cloud | Desktop; Cloud (if you sync) | Desktop |
| Can I sync across multiple devices? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| URL for download or use | zotero.org | Mendeley Website | My Endnote Web | n/a | |
| Where can I find support documents? |
Zotero Support | Mendeley Support | Endnote Support | Office Support | |
| Do the libraries offer workshops? | Yes | Yes | On request | On request | No |
| updated: | August 2020 |
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